At all levels of analysis it is shown how embarrassment serves an appeasement function, reconciling social relations following transgressions of social norms. These developments were complemented by a reassessment of the notion of rationality and its applicability in dynamic open domains ( Sousa 1987, Russell and Norvig 1995, Russell 1997).ġ.2 Keltner and Haidt ( 1999) review the social functions of emotions at the individual, dyadic, group, and cultural levels of analysis, in particular, the sustenance of social norms. On the other hand, emotions serve social functions. On the one hand, emotions serve intrapersonal functions ( Levenson 1999) by coordinating physiological, perceptual, and cognitive processes that enable the organism to respond adaptively to significant environmental challenges and opportunities. According to this view, emotions are adaptations to the demands of the physical and social environment and thus serve important functions (see Keltner and Gross 1999 for a review of functional accounts of emotions). However, more recently a different view of emotions has emerged. Introduction: The Interrelation between Social Norms and Emotionsġ.1 From the classical philosophers onwards it has been a longstanding position that emotions serve no useful function, and in fact have disruptive and disorganising effects on ongoing behaviour, which have to be minimised in order to behave rationally. Keywords: social norms, appraisal theory of emotions ,process model of emotions, layered agent architecture, simulation, JAM (BDI agent architecture), micro-macro link, aggression control case study, deontic reasoning and human behaviour models In conclusion, it is argued that the present effort indicates a promising lane towards the necessary abandonment of logical models for the explanation and simulation of human social behaviour. The simulation results reported in the original aggression control study were successfully reproduced, and consistent performances were achieved for extended scenarios with conditional norm obeyance. We describe a first implementation of a situated agent architecture, TABASCO JAM, that incorporates a simple appraisal mechanism and report on its evaluation in a well-known scenario for the study of aggression control as a function of a norm, that was suitably extended.
This paper lays the foundations for a computational study of this interrelationship, drawing upon the functional appraisal theory of emotions. In particular, there is a bi-directional interrelationship between social norms and emotions, with emotions playing an instrumental role for the sustenance of social norms and social norms being an essential element of regulation in the individual emotional system.
It is now generally recognised that emotions play an important functional role within both individuals and societies, thereby forming an important bond between these two levels of analysis.
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Introducing Emotions into the Computational Study of Social Norms: Alexander Staller and Paolo Petta: Introducing Emotions into the Computational Study of Social Norms
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